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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z | |
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First Edition Preface Second Edition Preface Acknowledgments
Section A A index 181-189 of 917 terms
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adiabatic equilibrium—A vertical distribution of temperature and pressure in an atmosphere in hydrostatic equilibrium such that an air parcel displaced adiabatically will continue to possess the same temperature and pressure as its surroundings, so that no restoring force acts on a parcel displaced vertically. A layer in adiabatic equilibrium has uniform equivalent potential temperature. The state of adiabatic equilibrium is approached in a layer of air in which there is strong vertical mixing. Compare static stability.
adiabatic equivalent temperature—See equivalent temperature.
adiabatic expansion—See adiabatic process.
adiabatic lapse rate—In most contexts, same as dry-adiabatic lapse rate. See also saturation-adiabatic lapse rate.
adiabatic process—A process in which a system does not interact with its surroundings by virtue of a temperature difference between them. In an adiabatic process any change in internal energy (for a system of fixed mass) is solely a consequence of working. For an ideal gas and for most atmospheric systems, compression results in warming, expansion results in cooling. See dry-adiabatic process, moist-adiabatic process.
adiabatic saturation point—See lifting condensation level, saturation level.
adiabatic saturation pressure—(Or condensation pressure.) Pressure at the saturation level.
adiabatic saturation temperature—(Or condensation temperature.) Temperature at the saturation level.
adiabatic temperature changes—Temperature changes related to changes of pressure without external gain or loss of heat. In a compressible fluid, such as seawater, temperature rises as the fluid is compressed and adiabatic cooling occurs during expansion. The latter is of practical concern when water samples taken in thermally insulated water bottles are taken at great depth and raised to the surface.
adiabatic temperature gradient—The rate of change of temperature due to pressure under adiabatic conditions. In practice, since in the sea the pressure changes can be considered proportional to depth changes, the adiabatic temperature gradient is usually given as rate of change per unit depth, instead of per unit pressure. For practical purposes, the unit of depth is often chosen as 1000 m.
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