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lake breeze—A wind, similar in origin to the sea breeze but generally weaker, blowing from the surface of a large lake onto the shores during the afternoon; it is caused by the difference in surface temperature of land and water as in the land and sea breeze system. In addition to area, the depth of the lake is an important factor; a shallow lake warms up rapidly and is less effective as the source of a lake breeze in summer than is a deep lake. Lake breezes are well developed around the Great Lakes of North America, where they temper the summer heat.
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lake-effect snow—Localized, convective snow bands that occur in the lee of lakes when relatively cold airflows over warm water. In the United States this phenomenon is most noted along the south and east shores of the Great Lakes during arctic cold-air outbreaks.
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lake-effect snowstorm—Snowstorm occurring near or downwind from the shore of a lake resulting from the warming (destabilization) and moistening of relatively cold air during passage over a warm body of water.
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lake effect—Generally, the effect of any lake in modifying the weather about its shore and for some distance downwind. In the United States, this term is applied specifically to the region about the Great Lakes or the Great Salt Lake. More specifically, lake effect often refers to the generation of sometimes spectacular snowfall amounts to the lee of the Great Lakes as cold air passes over the lake surface, extracting heat and moisture, resulting in cloud formation and snowfall downwind of the lake shore.
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lake evaporation—The evaporation from the surface of a lake.
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lake ice—Ice formed on the surface of a lake.
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lake surface temperature—The temperature of the surface layer of a lake.
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Lambert conic projection—A type of conformal map in which features on a sphere are projected onto a cone. The cone can either be tangent to the sphere, for which contact is along one circle, or pass through the sphere, for which contact is along two circles.
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Lambert's formula—A formula for computing the mean wind-direction from a series of observations. It may be written  where α is the mean wind direction, and each point of the compass is replaced by the number of observations of wind from that direction. Compare resultant wind, wind rose, prevailing wind direction.
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